References

Second World War Works Cited

“45 Japanese Veterans Volunteer for Home Defense.” The New Canadian, quoting the Vancouver News-Herald, 15 April 1939, p. 1.

Adachi, Ken. “How Now, Mr. Wilson?” The New Canadian, 11 March 1953, p. 2. The New Canadian Newspaper Collection. NNMCC 2010.6.

Adachi, Ken. The Enemy That Never Was: History of Japanese Canadians. Toronto, McClelland & Stewart, 1976.

Allsebrook, Allan P. “More Self-Respecting.” The New Canadian, 28 October 1944, p. 2.

Anonymous. “Racial Discrimination and Internment: The Cooperative Committee on Japanese Canadians.” McMaster University Library Digital Collections, undated. Available online: https://digitalcollections.mcmaster.ca/pw20c/case-study/racial-discrimination-and-internment-cooperative-committee-japanese-canadians.

Barnes, Sgt. J.K. “Report on Japanese Activities in British Columbia,” 1942, Royal Canadian Mounted Police fonds, RG18-F-3, volume 3569, item number 879744, Library and Archives Canada. Link to online record: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=879844&lang=eng. 

Bradsher, Greg. “Exploitation of Captured and Seized Japanese Records by the Pacific Military Intelligence Research Service (PACMIRS) 1945-Spring 1946.” The Text Message, US National Archives, 2014. Available online: https://text-message.blogs.archives.gov/2014/10/23/exploitation-of-captured-and-seized-japanese-records-by-the-pacific-military-intelligence-research-service-pacmirs-1945-spring-1946/.

“A Brief Review of the Story of the Japanese in Canada in the Past Half-Century.” The New Canadian, 7 January 1950, p. 1. The New Canadian Newspaper Collection. NNMCC 2010.6.

Broadfoot, Barry. Years of Sorrow, Years of Shame – the Story of the Japanese Canadians in World War II. Don Mills, PaperJacks Ltd., 1977.

Canadian Race Relations Foundation. “From Racism to Redress: The Japanese Canadian Experience.” Undated. Available online: https://learning.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ePubFaShRacRedJap.pdf.

Corrigan, Gordon. The Second World War: A Military History. New York City, Thomas Dunne Books, 2010.

Denfeld, Duane D. “Nisei Linguists from Washington in World War II.” HistoryLink.org, 18 February 2015. Available online: https://www.historylink.org/File/11024.

“Embargo on Iron Ore Exports.” The Canberra Times, Vol. 12, No. 3329, 20 May 1938. Available online: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2494076.

Goddard, Stacie E. “Japan’s Folly: The Conquest of Manchuria, 1931-33.” When Right Makes Might: Rising Powers and World Order, Cornell University Press, 2018. Available online: https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/255/oa_monograph/chapter/2289159.

Greenaway, John Endo. “Ryoshi: Nikkei Fishermen of the BC Coast.” The Bulletin, 31 October 2012. Available online: https://jccabulletin-geppo.ca/ryoshi-nikkei-fishermen-of-the-bc-coast/.

Greenaway, John Endo. “They Went to War: Japanese Canadians and the Battle for Acceptance.” The Bulletin, 9 November 2013. Available online: https://jccabulletin-geppo.ca/they-went-to-war-japanese-canadians-and-the-battle-for-acceptance/.

Imperial War Museums. “Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?” Undated. Available online: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/why-did-japan-attack-pearl-harbor.

Ito, Roy. We Went to War: The Story of the Japanese Canadians Who Served During the First and Second World War. 1st ed., Canada’s Wings, 1984.

Ito, Roy. Stories of My People: A Japanese Canadian Journal. Hamilton, S-20 and Nisei Veterans Association, 1994.
Izumi, Masumi. “Japanese Canadian exclusion and incarceration.” Densho Encyclopedia, 2024. Available online: https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Japanese%20Canadian%20exclusion%20and%20incarceration.

Japanese Canadian Centennial Society. “Centennial 77 Update”, June 1977, Japanese Canadian History and Archives Committee of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre of Montreal Collection, MG4247, file 7, McGill University Archives. Link to online record: https://www.archives.mcgill.ca/public/exhibits/jcccm/subjectfiles/cent3.htm.

LaMarsh, Judy. Text of Speech from S-20 & Nisei Veterans Centennial Reunion, 7 October 1967, The King Edward Sheraton, Toronto, ON.

“Japanese Volunteers for Canadian Armed Forces,” 1944, Department of Labour fonds, RG36-27, volume 17, file 626, Library and Archives Canada. Link to online record: http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=1282534&lang=eng.

Luckhurst, Margaret. “James Oshiro, Pres. of Alta. Medical Assoc.” The New Canadian, 5 January 1973, pp. 1 and 8.

Mackie, John. “This Week in History: 1907 The Asiatic Exclusion League is formed.” Vancouver Sun, 21 August 2017. Available online at: https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/this-week-in-history-1907-the-asiatic-exclusion-league-is-formed.

Moritsugu, Frank. “Nisei Montreal Star Newspaper Editor Recalls JC War II Service.” The New Canadian, 6 January 1968.

Moritsugu, Frank. “Frankly Speaking: When the War Against Japan Ended.” Nikkei Voice, 27 July 2015.

Mussett, Ben. “Anti-Asian Riots of 1907.” British Columbia: An Untold History, undated. Available online: https://bcanuntoldhistory.knowledge.ca/1900/anti-asian-riots-of-1907.

Nakamura, Kelli Y. “Military Intelligence Service Language School.” Densho Encyclopedia, 2024. Available online: https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Military_Intelligence_Service_Language_School/.

Narratives of World War II in the Pacific, “Japan’s Occupation of Manchuria, China.” The Mary and Jeff Bell Library, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, undated. Available online: https://www.tamucc.edu/library/exhibits/s/hist4350/page/manchurian-incident.

“The National Emergency.” The New Canadian, 8 September 1939, p. 2. The New Canadian Newspaper Collection. NNMCC 2010.6.

National Japanese American Historical Society. “The Military Intelligence Service (MIS), 1941-1952.” Military Intelligence Oral History Project, undated. Available online: https://www.njahs.org/military-intelligence-service/.

Nikkei National Museum and Cultural Centre. “Japanese Canadian Timeline.” Timeline is based on information gathered by Toyo Takata, undated. Available online: https://centre.nikkeiplace.org/research/japanese-canadian-timeline/.

Nisei Affairs; Vol. 1. No. 2; Toronto, ON, 20 August 1945. “V-J Day”, p. 2. Ed and Muriel Kitagawa Collection. NNMCC 2010.30.7.2.4.

Obata, Roger. “Chapter 1: The Roots of Our Struggle.” Japanese Canadian Redress: the Toronto Story, Greater Toronto Chapter, National Association of Japanese Canadians, 2000. Available online: https://torontonajc.ca/torontostory/chapter1.html.

Obata, Roger. “Chapter 3: Relocation to Toronto.” Japanese Canadian Redress: the Toronto Story, Greater Toronto Chapter, National Association of Japanese Canadians, 2000. Available online: https://torontonajc.ca/torontostory/chapter3.html.

Office of the Historian. “The Mukden Incident of 1931 and the Stimson Doctrine.” Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State, undated. Available online: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/mukden-incident.

Okazaki, Robert. The Nisei Mass Evacuation Group and P.O.W. Camp 101. Markham Litho Limited, Scarborough, 1996.

Oki, Jack. “The Canadian Nisei Veteran’s Story,” The New Canadian, 27 December 1967, pp. 1-5. The New Canadian Newspaper Collection. NNMCC 2010.6.

RANE Worldview. “Japan’s Territorial Expansion 1931-1942.” RANE Network Inc., 2014. Available online: https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/japans-territorial-expansion-1931-1942.

Roberts Jr., Frank N. “Climax of Isolationism, Countdown to World War.” U.S. Naval Institute, vol. 26, no. 6, November 2012. Available online: https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2012/november/climax-isolationism-countdown-world-war.

Robinson, Greg. “Internment of Japanese Canadians.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, 15 February 2017. Available online: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/internment-of-japanese-canadians.

“Allied Translator and Interpreter Service.” Sea Your History, Royal Naval Museum, undated. Available online: http://www.seayourhistory.org.uk/content/view/27/52/. 

Shinobu, Saburo. “Saburo Shinobu Memoirs, 1931,” 1920-1931, Japanese Canadian Citizens Association fonds, MG28-V7, volume 18, file 18-31, Library and Archives Canada.

Sumida, Rigenda. The Japanese in British Columbia. 1935. University of British Columbia, Department of Economics, M.A. thesis. Available online: https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0105515.

Sunahara, Ann Gomer. The Politics of Racism: The Uprooting of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War. Nikkei National Museum & Cultural Centre, 2000. Available online: https://japanesecanadianhistory.ca.

Sunahara, Ann and Oikawa, Mona. “Political Activism – Seeking the Vote.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, 26 April 2017. Available online: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/japanese-canadians

Suzuki, David. Metamorphosis: Stages in a Life. Stoddart Co. Publishing Limited, Toronto, 1987.

Takahashi-Lai, Yukiko. “Kato’s Boy: A Story of Japanese Canadians During WWII.” MONOVA, Museum & Archives of North Vancouver, undated. Available online: https://monova.ca/katos-boy-a-story-of-japanese-canadians-during-wwii/.

Tamaki, George. “City Council Hears Nisei Appeal.” The New Canadian, 14 August 1940, p. 3. The New Canadian Newspaper Collection. NNMCC 2010.6.

Theurer, Glenna and Gerry Oue. The Takimoto Oue Living Story. Self-published, 2021.

The Ubyssey. Return: A Commemorative Yearbook in Honour of the Japanese Canadian Students of 1942. Vancouver, The Ubyssey, 2012. Available online: https://issuu.com/ubyssey/docs/2_returns_yearbook_ubc.

Wakayama, Tamio. “Lest We Forget: A Dedication to Commemorate the Re-lighting of the War Memorial to Japanese Canadian Soldiers of World War I, August 2, 1985.” Reproduced in Nikkei Images, vol. 10, no. 3, Autumn 2005, pp. 5-6.

Yamada, Shirley. “Chapter 4: The 1977 JC Centennial.” Japanese Canadian Redress: the Toronto Story, Greater Toronto Chapter, National Association of Japanese Canadians, 2000. Available online: https://torontonajc.ca/torontostory/chapter4.html.

Korean War Works Cited

Barrett, Matthew. “South Korea, 22 May 1951: 22 May 1951.” Defining Moments Canada, 2024. Available online: https://definingmomentscanada.ca/realizing-the-pledge/korean-war/illustrated-history/22-may-1951/.

Berton, Pierre. Marching As to War: Canada’s Turbulent Years, 1899-1953. Doubleday Canada, 2001.

Bisno, Adam. “The U.S. Navy and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95.” Naval History and Heritage Command, 5 March 2020. Available online: https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/exploration-and-innovation/steam-navy/sino-japanese-war.html.

Bramham, Daphne. “Japanese-Canadians fought for their country and acceptance.” Vancouver Sun, 6 September 2014. Available online: https://vancouversun.com/news/metro/daphne-bramham-japanese-canadians-fought-for-their-country-and-acceptance.

British Broadcasting Corporation. “The Korean War – CCEA, History, International Relations, 1945-2003.” BBC Bitesize, undated. Available online: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z9kj4qt/articles/zkfnrmn.

The Canada History Society, “The Canadian Military in the Korean War: A Comprehensive Survey.” Military History, 2025. Available online: https://militaryhistory.ca/index.php/the-korean-war/.

Cuggy, Emily. “Korea: 1951.” Line of Sight, Canadian Army, Government of Canada, 15 July 2021. Available online: https://www.canada.ca/en/army/services/line-sight/articles/2021/07/korea-1951.html.   

Cumings, Bruce. The Korean War. New York, Modern Library, Random House Publishing Group, 2011.

“Enlisted in Japan – Now a Corporal.” The New Canadian, 5 September 1953, p. 1. The New Canadian Newspaper Collection. NNMCC 2010.6.

Granfield, Linda. “I Remember Korea:  Veterans Tell their Stories of the Korean War, 1950-1953.” Markham, Fitzhenry and Whiteside, 2004.

Hays, Jeff. “Korea in the 19^th Century: Hermit Kingdom Meets the Outside World.” Facts and Details, July 2021. Available online: https://factsanddetails.com/korea/Korea/Dynastic_Period_of_Korean_History/entry-7151.html.

History.com Editors. “Russo-Japanese War.” HISTORY, 9 August 2022. Available online: https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/russo-japanese-war.

History.com Editors. “American troops arrive in Korea to partition the country.” HISTORY, 4 September 2024. Available online: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-troops-arrive-in-korea-to-partition-the-country.

The History Guy. “The Korean War Timeline.” 2017. Available online: https://www.historyguy.com/korean_war_timeline.htm.

Ito, Roy. We Went to War: The Story of the Japanese Canadians Who Served During the First and Second World War. 1st ed., Canada’s Wings, 1984.

Ito, Roy. Stories of My People: A Japanese Canadian Journal. Hamilton, S-20 and Nisei Veterans Association, 1994.

Johnson, Falen and Leah Simone Bowen. “The Forgotten War.” The Secret Life of Canada from CBC, 4 May 2023, https://www.cbc.ca/listen/cbc-podcasts/203-the-secret-life-of-canada/episode/15982465-s5-the-forgotten-war.

Kawamoto, Roy and Linda Kawamoto Reid. “Remembering the ‘Forgotten War – Japanese Canadians in Korea, 1950-1953.” Nikkei Images, vol. 15, no. 3, 2010, pp. 16-19.

Kikoy, Herbert. “Task Force Smith – America’s Entry into Korean War.” War History Online, 19 June 2018. Available online: https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/task-force-smith-americas-entry.html.

Kirk, Stan. “The Life History of a Japanese Canadian Child Exile: Mikio Ibuki, Part 2: Historical Background – Life and Living Conditions in Japan.” Discover Nikkei, 3 December 2018. Available online: https://discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2018/12/3/ibuki-2/.

Konishi, Karl. “Karl Konishi – a Memoir.” Nikkei Images, vol. 22, no. 1, 2017, pp. 10-13. Available online: https://centre.nikkeiplace.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2017-Volume-22-No.-1.pdf.

Konishi, Karl. “Karl Konishi: A Memoir, part 2.″ Nikkei Images, vol. 22, no. 3, 2017, pp. 19-23. Available online: https://centre.nikkeiplace.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NI2017_Vol22No03_Web.pdf.pdf.

Ly, Amanda. “The Royal Canadian Legion honours Second World War and Korean War veterans.” Toronto Observer, 10 April 2009. Available online: https://torontoobserver.ca/2009/04/10/the-royal-canadian-legion-honours-second-world-war-and-korean-war-veterans/.

Millett, Allan R.  “Korean War: 1950-1953.” Britannica, 10 January 2025. Available online: https://www.britannica.com/event/Korean-War/.

St. Croix, Brad. “Canadians in Combat.” Defining Moments Canada, 2024, definingmomentscanada.ca/realizing-the-pledge/korean-war/canadians-in-combat/. Available online: https://definingmomentscanada.ca/realizing-the-pledge/korean-war/canadians-in-combat/. Accessed 10 January 2025.

Stairs, Denis and Richard Foot. “Canada and the Battle of Kapyong.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2 March 2022. Available online: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-kapyong.

TVO, “Forgotten War:  Korea.” The Agenda with Steve Paikin from TVO, 17 October 2024. Available online: https://www.tvo.org/podcasts/the-agenda-with-steve-paikin-audio/forgotten-war-korea.

“Two Nisei GIs Returning on Rotation Describe the Horror of War in Korea.” The New Canadian, vol. 14, no. 87, 7 November 1951, p. 1.

Yesaki, Mitsuo. “Nikkei War Veterans: Ryoichi and Yutaka Kobayashi.” Nikkei Images, vol. 12, no. 3, Fall 2012, pp. 8-11.